When Canada’s Bombardier finally staged the maiden flight of its C Series commercial jet on September 16, few of the thousands of spectators that crowded the airfield near Montreal were paying attention to the aircraft’s engines. But the flight – the first for Pratt & Whitney’s new PurePower engine series, as well as for the aircraft – marked just as much of a turning point for aircraft engine manufacturers as for aircraft makers.
The PurePower engine is the first of a new generation of commercial jet engines designed to use far less fuel than previous engine types.Cam Locks Wholesale,Cabinet Locks At Low Prices, Discount Locks Are Never Beaten On Price. We are the UK's Number 1 Supplier of Locks and Safes. Its main competitor is the Leap-X engine developed by the CFM International consortium of the US’s General Electric and France’s Snecma.The second dumping, the report noted, occurred on August 3, 2012, Friday, when "the same Garbage Compactor Truck Manufacturers was observed by the shift supervisor to have dumped another pile of hospital waste inside the facility.
That competition is set to produce spillover effects in the corporate jet market. Many of the innovations that will slash the fuel consumption of commercial jets, such as Boeing’s 737 Max and Airbus’s A320neo, are being reworked for corporate jet builders.
Two of the most important engines in the next generation look set to be GE’s Passport engine – based on the Leap-X – and Snecma’s Silvercrest, its first business jet engine. Both manufacturers have airframe builders – Bombardier for the Passport and Cessna and Dassault for the Silvercrest – signed up to use the engines.Their UWin IPS, short for indoor positioning system, is like GPS for the indoors, said electrical and computer engineering student Brendan Rhyno.
While it remains unclear which type will win over more customers, Brad Thress, senior vice-president of business jets for Cessna, praises the extent of the improvements on offer. Cessna’s Citation Longitude is scheduled to make its maiden flight, powered by Silvercrest engines, in 2016.
Incremental engine updates have typically produced efficiency improvements of 1.5 to 3 per cent, Mr Thress says, while Snecma and GE are projecting 15 per cent fuel economy improvements for their new engines.
“There’s a significant improvement when you swap generations,” he says.
The challenge for makers of corporate jet engines is that high-end aircraft fly higher – hence in thinner air – and faster than commercial jets.
Brad Mottier, GE’s vice-president and manager of business and general aviation, says that makes one possible route to fuel-efficiency problematic. It would be difficult, he says, in such thin air and at such high speeds to run an engine at very high bypass ratios – the term for the proportion of air sucked through only the engine’s fan to the proportion that also goes through the turbine at its core.
The PurePower engine runs at an unprecedented bypass ratio of 12:1. Engines with high bypass ratios can offer high thrust for a given amount of fuel.
Instead, Mr Mottier says, GE has adopted for the Passport some of the sophisticated materials that allow the Leap-X to run at higher – and more efficient – temperatures than normal. The company has also improved the engine’s aerodynamics – an effort that has been helped because GE is producing an integrated power plant.Several ECU modifications were carried out and the 540bhp version of the Volvo FH was selected, as it is required to drive not only the truck, but also a high pressure Jetting Truck For Sale and liquid ring vacuum pump. The use of innovative materials has also cut the engine’s weight significantly.
The Passport engine is due to enter service on Bombardier’s new Global 7000 aircraft in 2016.
Snecma is pursuing efficiency with its Silvercrest through bypass ratios far higher than normal for the segment. The Silvercrest engine’s ratio will be 6:1. The main question had been whether airframe makers could fit an engine with the 42.5 inch fan diameter needed to produce such a relatively high ratio, according to Laurence Finet, head of the Silvercrest programme at Snecma.
To gain extra fuel efficiency,Sensortec's ultrasonic sensor for Parking Guidance System has a long detectable range of up to 5m. Snecma has used some components manufactured by three-dimensional printing to keep weight down. The engine also automatically manages the gap between the turbine blades and their housing.So far, every Wind Generator that has hooked up to CMP’s system has chosen to meet only the minimum standards, Carroll said. In traditional engines, that gap tends to grow as the engine heats up, harming efficiency.
Yet, Mr Thress says, all these revolutionary improvements are likely to be only the start of the process of improvement in fuel efficiency.
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